Student Visa Guide: Every Major Country, 2025

Eligibility, required documents, costs, processing times, and what each visa allows you to do. Updated for 2025 policies across the UK, Canada, Australia, Germany, Ireland, New Zealand and the USA.

Who this is for

Internationally trained professionals planning to live or work in the United Kingdom — on a Skilled Worker, Health and Care Worker, Student, Graduate Route, or Spouse visa.

10 min read
What you will learn
  • Which UK visa route applies to your situation
  • Skilled Worker Visa salary thresholds and sponsor requirements
  • Graduate Route and post-study work rights
  • Family visas, ILR timeline, and the path to British citizenship
Best next action

Reading this guide gives you the full picture. Your next step is to check which part applies to your specific profile and situation.

Check your UK eligibility and get a personalised roadmap →
United Kingdom Canada Australia Germany Ireland New Zealand United States of America USA
United Kingdom
United Kingdom. Student Visa
Formerly Tier 4. The main visa for studying at UK universities and colleges.

Basic requirements

You must have:

  • An unconditional offer from a UK university or college that is a licensed Student sponsor
  • A Confirmation of Acceptance for Studies (CAS) number from your institution
  • Proof you can support yourself financially: at least £1,334 per month in London or £1,023 outside London for up to 9 months (held in your account for at least 28 consecutive days)
  • English language proficiency: IELTS for United Kingdom Visas and Immigration or equivalent, typically 6.0 overall for undergraduate, 6.5 for postgraduate
  • A valid passport and a recent passport-sized photograph
  • Academic Technology Approval Scheme certificate if your course requires it (certain sensitive subjects)
  • Tuberculosis test result if you are from a country where this is required

Dependants (2025): Only postgraduate research students (MPhil, PhD) and government-sponsored students can bring dependants on the UK Student visa. All other students cannot bring family members.

Key facts

Application fee£490 from outside UK; £490 to extend inside UK
Immigration Health Surcharge£776 per year of study
Processing time3 weeks (standard); 5 working days (priority)
Work rights during studyUp to 20 hours per week during term time; full time during holidays
Post study workGraduate Route: 2 years (bachelor's/master's), 3 years (PhD)
Path to PRVia Skilled Worker visa after Graduate Route (total 5 years)
IELTS requirementTypically 6.0–7.0 depending on university and course
Canada
Canada. Study Permit
Canada's study permit allows international students to study at designated learning institutions and work part-time during studies.

Requirements

You must prove:

  • Acceptance letter from a Designated Learning Institution (DLI)
  • Sufficient funds: at least CAD $20,635 per year for living expenses (plus tuition)
  • No criminal record, police clearance certificate from countries you have lived in
  • Medical examination if required by your country of origin
  • Intent to leave Canada when your permit expires (ties to home country)
  • English or French language proficiency as required by your institution

Key facts

Application feeCAD $150
Processing time4 to 16 weeks depending on country
Work rights during study20 hours per week off-campus during term; full time during breaks
Post study workPost-Graduation Work Permit: up to 3 years (duration matches study length). No field of study restriction from 2025.
Path to PRExpress Entry via Canadian Experience Class. Post-Graduation Work Permit counts toward PR points.
Tuition rangeCAD $15,000–$35,000 per year
Best forStudents who want a clear path to Canadian permanent residency
Australia
Australia. Student Visa (Subclass 500)
Australia offers some of the longest post-study work rights globally, especially for Indian students under the Australia-India ECTA agreement.

Requirements

Core requirements:

  • Confirmation of Enrolment (CoE) from a registered Australian education provider (Commonwealth Register of Institutions and Courses for Overseas Students registered)
  • Genuine Temporary Entrant (GTE) statement, demonstrating your real intention to study
  • Overseas Student Health Cover (OSHC) for the full period of your visa
  • English proficiency: IELTS 6.0 overall (some courses require 6.5 or 7.0)
  • Financial evidence: AUD $24,505 per year for living expenses (plus tuition)
  • Health requirements and police clearance

Key facts

Application feeAUD $1,600
Processing time4 to 6 weeks
Work rights during study48 hours per fortnight during term; unlimited during breaks
Post study work (Indian students)Bachelor's: 4 years / Master's: 5 years / PhD: 6 years (under AI-ECTA)
Post study work (general)Bachelor's: 2 years / Master's: 3 years / PhD: 4 years
Path to PRSkilled migration via points-tested visas or employer nomination
Best forIndian students, longest post-study work rights in the world under ECTA
Germany
Germany. Student Visa (National Visa D)
Germany charges zero tuition at public universities for most programmes, making it the most cost-effective major study destination in the world.

Requirements

Core requirements:

  • Admission letter from a German university (Zulassungsbescheid)
  • Proof of financial means: at least €11,904 per year in a blocked bank account (Sperrkonto)
  • Language proficiency: German (B1 to C1 depending on course) or English (IELTS 6.0–6.5 for English-medium programmes)
  • Health insurance valid in Germany
  • Recognised secondary school certificate (A-levels or equivalent)
  • University entrance qualification (Hochschulzugangsberechtigung) assessment if your degree is not directly recognised

The blocked account (Sperrkonto)

Germany requires proof of €11,904 in a special blocked account before your visa is issued. You can access €992 per month. Deutsche Bank, Fintiba, and Expatrio are common providers.

Key facts

Visa fee€75
Processing time6 to 12 weeks
TuitionFree at most public universities. Semester fee of €150–€350.
Work rights during study120 full days or 240 half days per year
Post study work18-month job seeker residence permit (for graduates of German or German-recognised foreign universities)
Path to PR5 years on a work visa leads to permanent settlement
Best forStudents on a tight budget who can manage German language requirements
Ireland
Ireland. Study Visa
Ireland offers English-language education within the EU, a growing tech sector, and a straightforward post-study work pathway.

Requirements

  • Letter of acceptance from an Irish educational institution
  • Proof of funds: at least €10,000 for living expenses plus tuition fees
  • Private medical insurance for the duration of study
  • English language evidence
  • Your course must be full-time and from a recognised institution

Key facts

Visa fee€60
Work rights20 hours per week during term; 40 during holidays
Post study work1 year (bachelor's); 2 years (master's/PhD)
Tuition range€10,000–€25,000 per year
Tech jobsDublin is home to European HQs of Google, Meta, Apple, LinkedIn
New Zealand
New Zealand. Student Visa
New Zealand offers a high quality of life, English-language education, and a post-study work visa with a clear pathway to skilled residence.

Requirements

  • Offer of place from a New Zealand educational institution
  • Evidence of funds: NZD $15,000 per year for living expenses
  • Return flight ticket or funds to purchase one
  • Medical and police certificates
  • English language proficiency

Key facts

Visa feeNZD $375
Work rights20 hours per week during term; full time during breaks
Post study work1–3 years depending on qualification level and region
Tuition rangeNZD $22,000–$32,000 per year
United States of America
United States. F-1 Student Visa
The F-1 visa is the standard US student visa. Post-study work rights are limited and depend heavily on your field of study and lottery odds.

Requirements

  • Form I-20 from a SEVP-certified US institution
  • Proof of sufficient funds for first year (tuition plus living, typically USD $35,000–$80,000+)
  • Student and Exchange Visitor Information System fee payment (USD $350)
  • Non-immigrant intent, demonstrating ties to home country and intent to return
  • Interview at US embassy or consulate
  • English proficiency as required by the institution (TOEFL or IELTS)

2025 policy uncertainty: US immigration policy is changing rapidly. Always check current State Department guidance before applying. The H-1B lottery system gives approximately 25% odds of securing post-study work sponsorship.

Key facts

Visa feeUSD $185 + Student and Exchange Visitor Information System $350
Work rights during study20 hours on-campus during term; Curricular Practical Training for relevant internships
Post study work (OPT)12 months for all graduates
STEM Optional Practical Training extensionAdditional 24 months for STEM graduates = 36 months total
After OPTH-1B work visa, requires employer sponsorship and lottery (~25% odds)
Tuition rangeUSD $30,000–$80,000+ per year
Best forSTEM students with a strong employer network or target at top firms

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